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The term "proxy" is a reference to a proxy frequently known as proxy server software that acts as an intermediary between server and client on the internet. Without a proxy, a client could make a request for an online server and the server will serve an item directly for the client. Although this method is easy to grasp and use, proxies can provide advantages such as more performance, privacy and security, and so on. As a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a shield to the internet between users and servers.

In general, the system of server hardware that is paired with the software to install proxy servers is commonly referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are usually considered to be software and specifically, in relation to web servers. We will provide a brief overview of the two main types of proxies: that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type comes with its own use case, and is often misinterpreted due to the similar terms.

This article will give you an idea of the how proxies work, what their subtypes and ways that they can prove useful in a variety of configurations. If you read this article, you'll learn to identify situations where the use of proxies is beneficial, and then determine the most suitable choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy for any particular situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy is also referred to as the open proxy is the representative of the client trying to send requests via the internet to a source server. In this case every attempt to send requests from the user's side will be made through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, taking place of the client, will examine the request. Then, it will determine whether the client is allowed to send requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will decide whether to reject the request or forward it to the source server. The client is unable to have direct connection to the internet. It is only able to connect to what the forward proxy allows for it to reach.

The primary reason for people for using forward proxy services is to improve security or privacy when surfing the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet, instead of a client, and in this manner, it is using an alternative IP address to the original IP address of the client.

Based on the way it's setup, and based on the way it's configured forward proxy could offer a range of functions and allow users to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify restrictions based on your geographical place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems that are centralized and access is based on permissions, such as in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic goes through an open forward proxy layer an administrator could limit access for only a select group of users to the internet and be filtered by a common firewall. Instead of establishing security firewalls on the layer that is used by clients, which can be used by multiple computers with different environments and types of users there is a way to set up a firewall at the forward proxy layer.

Be aware that forward proxies must be manually configured for use before they can be used, while reverse proxy servers can be obfuscated by clients. Based on whether an IP address belonging to a user is relayed to the server that originated it by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity are granted or denied.

There are numerous alternatives to look into for forward proxy services.

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  Apache An open source, well-known web server with forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is a free forward proxy that works with an HTTP protocol. It's not included with the whole web server. Follow our steps on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which allows it to be more suitable for applications such as peer-to -peer traffic. You might also want to learn how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections with Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions to act as a proxy for web server, which handles requests from customers for its behalf. This server can represent either a single or multiple servers. Additionally, it could be an application server like Gunicorn. In any case the request will be made through the internet generally. Typically, the request is sent directly to the web server that hosts the resources that the client requires of. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and isolates Web servers from any direct contact with the web's public.

From the perspective of the client an individual's viewpoint the process of utilizing reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with the server on its own. It's exactly the same however the client cannot discern the difference. Client requests the resource and then receives it, without additional configuration needed from the user.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  The web server is protected centrally.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed based upon rules you set.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache is now available.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this benefit only to the server layer, they do not offer this feature to clients. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the server level that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated in the reverse proxy layer. In addition, removing the burden of working with firewalls and interacting to client requests off web servers allows the firewall to focus on serving the requirements of their customers.

When there is a multitude of servers being located within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is accountable for the way requests are routed at which server. Multiple web servers could be offering the same service, offering different kinds of resources, or a combination of both. The servers could use their HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however they can also use application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to direct users to a specific server based on the requested resource, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also profit by their positioning prior to web servers by offering the ability to cache. Large static assets can be set with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers each time you request. There are options that allow you to directly serve static files without having to connect directly to web servers in any form. Additionally, reverse proxy is capable of compressing these assets.

The renowned Nginx web server also functions as an effective reverse proxy option. While Apache has a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is fitted with reverse proxy functionality that is an additional feature available to Apache but Nginx was designed originally specifically for reverse proxy capabilities.

The distinction is between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases

Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both kinds of proxies handle the processing of requests and replies. An alternative method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application that you're creating.

Reverse proxy can be useful in the development of a solution to deliver web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers when you use the internet.

Forward proxy can be useful when used to present your customers' information to use for personal purposes or in a professional setting. They act as your client's proxy when you interact with the internet.

Distinguishing by use case instead of solely focusing on common naming conventions can aid in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article describes the meaning of a proxy with two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of how to use it and a brief overview of beneficial features were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're keen to learn more about the use of proxy servers, look over our guide on how you can configure Nginx as reverse proxy with Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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